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T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol Mappings

Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.

Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Different protocol channels could also include Web services such as cloud storage. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels.

Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol can be done using various common operating system utilities such as Net/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)

View in MITRE ATT&CK®

Mappings

Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name
AC-3 Access Enforcement Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
CA-7 Continuous Monitoring Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
CM-2 Baseline Configuration Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
CM-6 Configuration Settings Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
CM-7 Least Functionality Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SC-46 Cross Domain Policy Enforcement Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SC-7 Boundary Protection Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SI-10 Information Input Validation Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SI-15 Information Output Filtering Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SI-3 Malicious Code Protection Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
SI-4 System Monitoring Protects T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
alerts_for_windows_machines Alerts for Windows Machines technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
network_security_groups Network Security Groups technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
azure_sentinel Azure Sentinel technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
microsoft_defender_for_identity Microsoft Defender for Identity technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
azure_dns_analytics Azure DNS Analytics technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
azure_firewall Azure Firewall technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
alerts_for_dns Alerts for DNS technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
azure_network_traffic_analytics Azure Network Traffic Analytics technique_scores T1048 Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol

ATT&CK Subtechniques

Technique ID Technique Name Number of Mappings
T1048.002 Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol 15
T1048.001 Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol 16
T1048.003 Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol 18