Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.
Adversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: Social Media or Search Victim-Owned Websites).(Citation: HackersArise Email)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Email addresses could also be enumerated via more active means (i.e. Active Scanning), such as probing and analyzing responses from authentication services that may reveal valid usernames in a system.(Citation: GrimBlog UsernameEnum) For example, adversaries may be able to enumerate email addresses in Office 365 environments by querying a variety of publicly available API endpoints, such as autodiscover and GetCredentialType.(Citation: GitHub Office 365 User Enumeration)(Citation: Azure Active Directory Reconnaisance)
Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: Search Open Websites/Domains or Phishing for Information), establishing operational resources (ex: Email Accounts), and/or initial access (ex: Phishing or Brute Force via External Remote Services).
View in MITRE ATT&CK®| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| action.hacking.variety.Scan network | Enumerating the state of the network | related-to | T1589.002 | Gather Victim Identity Information: Email Addresses |
| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aws_network_firewall | AWS Network Firewall | technique_scores | T1589.002 | Email Addresses |
Comments
AWS Network Firewall inspects inbound traffic flows and provides outbound traffic filtering. The capability has the ability to pass, drop, or alert on traffic based on the network protocol as well as perform deep packet inspection on the payload. It is given a score of Partial because it only protects against attempts to gather information via scanning that originate from outside the firewall and it does not protect against phishing.
References
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| aws_security_hub | AWS Security Hub | technique_scores | T1589.002 | Email Addresses |
Comments
AWS Security Hub detects improperly secured data from S3 buckets such as public read and write access that may result in an adversary getting access to information that could be used during targeting. AWS Security Hub provides these detections with the following managed insights.
S3 buckets with public write or read permissions S3 buckets with sensitive data
This is scored as Minimal because S3 only represents one of many available sources of information that an adversary could use for targeting.
References
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