Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making.
The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.
View in MITRE ATT&CK®| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR.AA-04.01 | Access control within and across security perimeters | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement provides protection from Data Manipulation through the implementation of privileged account management controls to limit credential access. Employing limitations to specific accounts, access control mechanisms, and auditing the attribution logs provides protection against adversaries attempting to modify data without being observed.
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| PR.DS-11.01 | Data backup and replication | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement provides protection from adversaries that try to manipulate, modify and/or harm the integrity of data. Implementing data backup or disaster recovery plan can be used to restore organizational data that adversaries may have attempted to overwrite. Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.
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| PR.DS-10.01 | Data-in-use protection | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This Diagnostic Statement describes mitigations related to protecting data-in-use, mentioning encryption, access control methods and authentication. Using encryption for data-in-use, alongside other safeguards such for restricting exfiltration of sensitive data aid with mitigating collection and exfiltration threats.
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| PR.AA-05.01 | Access privilege limitation | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement describes the implementation of least privilege principle, which can be applied to limiting permissions through role-based access controls, file and directory permissions, and the execution of systems and services. Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk.
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| PR.PS-01.06 | Encryption management practices | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement is associated with employing encryption methods to mitigate unauthorized access or theft of data that protect the confidentiality and integrity of data-at-rest, data-in-use, and data-in-transit. To address threats to data manipulation, consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary’s ability to perform tailored data modifications.
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| PR.PS-01.07 | Cryptographic keys and certificates | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement protects against Data Manipulation through the use of revocation of keys and key management. Employing key protection strategies for key material used for storage and transmission of sensitive information over networks, limitations to specific accounts along with access control mechanisms provides protection against data manipulation by adversaries.
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| ID.IM-02.06 | Accurate data recovery | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement highlights the critical importance of implementing remote data storage solutions as a safeguard against potential adversarial attempts to manipulate or conceal data, which could negatively impact business operations and organizational data integrity.
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| PR.IR-01.01 | Network segmentation | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement is for the implementation of network segmentation which helps prevent access to critical systems and sensitive information. Employ network segmentation to isolate and secure systems hosting critical business and system processes.
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| PR.PS-01.05 | Encryption standards | Mitigates | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This diagnostic statement is associated with employing strong encryption methods to mitigate unauthorized access or theft of data that protect the confidentiality and integrity of data-at-rest, data-in-use, and data-in-transit. To address threats to data manipulation, consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary’s ability to perform tailored data modifications.
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| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| attribute.integrity.variety.Modify data | Modified stored data or content | related-to | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ai_security_recommendations | Microsoft Defender for Cloud: AI Security Recommendations | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This control's "Immutable (read-only) root filesystem should be enforced for containers" recommendation can lead to mitigating a sub-technique of this technique by preventing modification of the local filesystem. Due to it being a recommendation and mitigating only one sub-technique, its score is assessed as Minimal.
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| azure_private_link | Azure Private Link | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This control provides partial protection for one of this technique's sub-techniques resulting in an overall Minimal score.
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| azure_vpn_gateway | Azure VPN Gateway | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This control provides significant protection against one sub-technique (Transmitted Data Manipulation) of this technique while not providing protection for its remaining sub-techniques resulting in overall score of Partial.
References
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| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| backup_and_dr_actifiogo | Backup and DR-Actifio GO | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
Backup and DR-Actifio GO is a copy data management plaform that virtualizes application data to improve an organizations resiliency and cloud mobility. This capability allows an organization to take regular backups and provides several methods of restoring applications and/or VM data to a previous state. This provides significant ability to respond to Data Manipulation since an organization could restore manipulated data back to the latest backup.
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| cloud_vpn | Cloud VPN | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
This control provides protection against data from being manipulated by adversaries through target applications by encrypting important information.
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| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amazon_guardduty | Amazon GuardDuty | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
The following GuardDuty finding type flags events where adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.
Impact:S3/MaliciousIPCaller
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| amazon_virtual_private_cloud | Amazon Virtual Private Cloud | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
The VPC service's support for the AWS Virtual Private Network (VPN) can be used to encrypt traffic traversing over untrusted networks which can provide protection against one sub-technique (Transmitted Data Manipulation) of this technique while not providing protection for its remaining sub-techniques resulting in overall score of Partial.
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| aws_cloudendure_disaster_recovery | AWS CloudEndure Disaster Recovery | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
AWS CloudEndure Disaster Recovery enables the replication and recovery of servers into AWS Cloud. In the event that data on servers is manipulated, AWS CloudEndure can be used to provision an instance of the server from a previous point in time within minutes. This mapping is given a score of Minimal because it only supports a subset (1 of 3) of the sub-techniques.
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| aws_rds | AWS RDS | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
AWS RDS supports the encryption of database instances using the AES-256 encryption algorithm. This can protect database instances from being modified at rest. Furthermore, AWS RDS supports TLS/SSL connections which protect data from being modified during transit. This mapping is given a score of Partial because it only supports a subset of the sub-techniques (2 of 3).
References
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| aws_rds | AWS RDS | technique_scores | T1565 | Data Manipulation |
Comments
AWS RDS supports the replication and recovery of database instances. In the event that data is manipulated, AWS RDS can be used to restore the database instance to a previous point in time. As a result, this mapping is given a score of Significant.
References
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| Technique ID | Technique Name | Number of Mappings |
|---|---|---|
| T1565.001 | Stored Data Manipulation | 42 |
| T1565.003 | Runtime Data Manipulation | 16 |
| T1565.002 | Transmitted Data Manipulation | 29 |