T1003 OS Credential Dumping

Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform Lateral Movement and access restricted information.

Several of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.

View in MITRE ATT&CK®

CRI Profile Mappings

Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
PR.PS-01.01 Configuration baselines Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
Comments
This diagnostic statement provides for securely configuring production systems. This includes hardening default configurations and making security-focused setting adjustments to reduce the attack surface, enforce best practices, and protect sensitive data thereby mitigating adversary exploitation.
References
    PR.PS-01.02 Least functionality Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
    Comments
    This diagnostic statement provides for limiting unnecessary software, services, ports, protocols, etc. Ensuring systems only have installed and enabled what is essential for their operation reduces the attack surface and minimizes vulnerabilities, which mitigates a wide range of techniques.
    References
      DE.CM-09.01 Software and data integrity checking Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
      Comments
      This diagnostic statement protects against OS Credential Dumping through the use of verifying integrity of software/firmware, loading software that is trusted, ensuring privileged process integrity and checking software signatures.
      References
        DE.CM-06.02 Third-party access monitoring Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
        Comments
        This diagnostic statement protects against OS Credential Dumping through the use of privileged account management. Employing auditing, privilege access management, and just in time access protects against adversaries trying to obtain illicit access to critical systems.
        References
          PR.PS-01.03 Configuration deviation Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
          Comments
          This diagnostic statement provides protection from OS Credential Dumping through the implementation of security configuration baselines for OS, software, file integrity monitoring and imaging. Security baseline configuration of the Operating System and integrity checking can help protect against adversaries attempting to compromise and elevate privileges.
          References
            PR.PS-01.07 Cryptographic keys and certificates Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
            Comments
            This diagnostic statement protects against OS Credential Dumping through the use of revocation of keys and key management. Employing key protection strategies for key material used in protection of OS credential backups, limitations to specific accounts along with access control mechanisms provides protection against adversaries trying to obtain credentials from OS credential backups.
            References
              ID.AM-08.03 Data governance and lifecycle management Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
              Comments
              This diagnostic statement protects credential data and sensitive PII from being stolen from adversaries. There may be some similarities to NIST 800-53 SI-12 Information Management and Retention. This may provide mitigation of data access/exfiltration techniques.
              References
                PR.AA-01.02 Physical and logical access Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                Comments
                This diagnostic statement describes how the organization ensures users are identified and authenticated before accessing systems, applications, and hardware, with logical access controls permitting access only to authorized individuals with legitimate business needs. Logical access controls in relation to systems can refer to the use of MFA, user account management, and other role-based access control mechanisms to enforce policies for authentication and authorization of user accounts.
                References
                  PR.AA-03.01 Authentication requirements Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                  Comments
                  This diagnostic statement describes how the organization implement appropriate authentication requirements, including selecting mechanisms based on risk, utilizing multi-factor authentication where necessary, and safeguarding the storage of authenticators like pins and passwords to protect sensitive access credentials.
                  References
                    ID.AM-08.05 Data destruction procedures Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                    Comments
                    This diagnostic statement protects credential data and sensitive PII from being stolen from adversaries. There may be some similarities to NIST 800-53 SI-12 Information Management and Retention. This may provide mitigation of data access/exfiltration techniques.
                    References
                      PR.AA-01.01 Identity and credential management Mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                      Comments
                      This diagnostic statement protects against OS Credential Dumping through the use of hardened access control policies, secure defaults, password complexity requirements, multifactor authentication requirements, and removal of terminated accounts.
                      References

                        NIST 800-53 Mappings

                        Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
                        CA-07 Continuous Monitoring mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        CM-06 Configuration Settings mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        CM-05 Access Restrictions for Change mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        CM-07 Least Functionality mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        CP-09 System Backup mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        IA-02 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        IA-04 Identifier Management mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        IA-05 Authenticator Management mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SC-39 Process Isolation mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SI-12 Information Management and Retention mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SI-02 Flaw Remediation mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SI-07 Software, Firmware, and Information Integrity mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SI-03 Malicious Code Protection mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-16 Security and Privacy Attributes mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        CM-02 Baseline Configuration mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        SI-04 System Monitoring mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-02 Account Management mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-03 Access Enforcement mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-04 Information Flow Enforcement mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-05 Separation of Duties mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        AC-06 Least Privilege mitigates T1003 OS Credential Dumping

                        VERIS Mappings

                        Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
                        action.malware.variety.Password dumper Password dumper (extract credential hashes) related-to T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        attribute.confidentiality.data_disclosure None related-to T1003 OS Credential Dumping

                        Azure Mappings

                        Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
                        file_integrity_monitoring Microsoft Defender for Cloud: File Integrity Monitoring technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        Comments
                        Most credential dumping operations do not require modifying resources that can be detected by this control (i.e. Registry and File system) and therefore its coverage is minimal.
                        References
                        alerts_for_linux_machines Alerts for Linux Machines technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        Comments
                        This control is only relevant for Linux environments, and provides partial coverage for one of the technique's two Linux-relevant sub-techniques.
                        References
                        alerts_for_windows_machines Alerts for Windows Machines technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        Comments
                        This control provides detection for a minority of this technique's sub-techniques and procedure examples resulting in a Minimal Coverage score and consequently an overall score of Minimal. Furthermore, its detection capability relies on detecting the usage of specific tools (e.g. sqldumper.exe) further adversely impacting its score.
                        References
                        defender_for_app_service Microsoft Defender for Cloud: Defender for App Service technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping

                        GCP Mappings

                        Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
                        google_secops Google Security Operations technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        Comments
                        Google Security Operations is able to detect suspicious command-line process attempted to escalate privileges. Examples of credential access system events include: (e.g.,"re.regex($selection.target.registry.registry_value_data, `.*DumpCreds.*`) or re.regex($selection.target.registry.registry_value_data, `.*Mimikatz.*`) or re.regex($selection.target.registry.registry_value_data, `.*PWCrack.*`) or $selection.target.registry.registry_value_data = "HTool/WCE" or re.regex($selection.target.registry.registry_value_data, `.*PSWtool.*`) or re.regex($selection.target.registry.registry_value_data, `.*PWDump.*`)). This technique was scored as minimal based on low or uncertain detection coverage factor. https://github.com/chronicle/detection-rules/blob/783e0e5947774785db1c55041b70176deeca6f46/soc_prime_rules/ioc_sigma/antivirus/antivirus_password_dumper_detection.yaral
                        References

                        AWS Mappings

                        Capability ID Capability Description Mapping Type ATT&CK ID ATT&CK Name Notes
                        amazon_inspector Amazon Inspector technique_scores T1003 OS Credential Dumping
                        Comments
                        The Amazon Inspector Best Practices assessment package can assess security control "Configure permissions for system directories" that prevents privilege escalation by local users and ensures only the root account can modify/execute system configuration information and binaries. Amazon Inspector does not directly protect against system modifications rather it just checks to see if security controls are in place which can inform decisions around hardening the system. Furthermore, Amazon Inspector only supports a subset of the sub-techniques for this technique. Due to these things and the fact the security control is only supported for Linux platforms, the score is Minimal.
                        References

                        ATT&CK Subtechniques

                        Technique ID Technique Name Number of Mappings
                        T1003.002 Security Account Manager 20
                        T1003.004 LSA Secrets 17
                        T1003.007 Proc Filesystem 18
                        T1003.001 LSASS Memory 30
                        T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials 22
                        T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow 20
                        T1003.003 NTDS 25
                        T1003.006 DCSync 19