Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information may be useful to an adversary attempting to compromise accounts by taking advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.
Credential stuffing is a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies.
Typically, management services over commonly used ports are used when stuffing credentials. Commonly targeted services include the following:
In addition to management services, adversaries may "target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols," as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)
View in MITRE ATT&CK®| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intel-ptt | Intel Platform Trust Technology | Win 11, Credential Guard | T1110.004 | Credential Stuffing |
Comments
Credential Guard uses Intel VT-x for providing Virtualization-based security (VBS), to isolate secrets so that only privileged system software can access them. It isolates LSA-related processes and provides real-time protection against in-memory credential-stealing attempts. NTLM, Kerberos, and Credential Manager take advantage of platform security features, including Secure Boot (Intel PTT and Intel Boot Guard) and virtualization, to protect credentials.
Credential Guard prevents credential theft attacks by protecting NTLM password hashes, Kerberos Ticket Granting Tickets (TGTs), and credentials stored by applications such as domain credentials. However, it does not protect against all forms of credential dumping, such as registry dumping. Credential Guard benefits from enabling Secure Boot (BootGuard) and UEFI Lock. When Secure Boot is enabled, a secure and verified environment is established from the start of the boot process. With UEFI Lock, Credential Guard settings are stored in UEFI firmware, significantly increasing the difficulty of disabling Credential Guard through registry changes.
This is marked as partial since it uses VBS to isolate LSA related processes and provides some protection against in-memory credential stealing attempts.
References
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| intel-ptt | Intel Platform Trust Technology | Win 11, ESS/Hello | T1110.004 | Credential Stuffing |
Comments
Windows Hello ESS authentication leverages virtual sandbox(Intel VT-X) to protect authentication data to significantly reduce the risk of brute force attacks on passwords, as biometrics typically require physical presence or biometric data that cannot be easily guessed or replicated. It uses the TPM (Intel PTT) to store authentication data including public/private key pairs. Windows Hello also includes Passkeys, a passwordless authentication option that generates public/private key pair with the public key shared with the service requiring authentication and the private key stored in the TPM, which is only released after authentication locally on the device using either a biometric factor such as fingerprint, facial recognition, or a PIN. Windows Hello helps protect against the risk of credentials being stored in files by eliminating the need for passwords in many authentication scenarios.
Windows Hello utilizes passkeys which helps protect against the risk of credentials being stored in files by eliminating the need for passwords.
References
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