T1078 Valid Accounts Mappings

Intel Threat Detection Technology (TDT), combined with CrowdStrike Falcon Accelerated Memory Scanning (CAMS), enhances cybersecurity defenses by enabling faster, real-time detection of Abuse of Valid Accounts (T1071). This integrated solution strengthens CrowdStrike Falcon, improving its ability to detect and mitigate cyber threats earlier in the kill chain, all while minimizing system performance impact. Abuse of Valid Accounts (T1071) occurs when adversaries leverage legitimate credentials to gain unauthorized access to systems or networks. This can include the theft, misuse, or hijacking of valid user accounts, which allows attackers to bypass security measures and blend in with legitimate user activity. Intel TDT plays a crucial role in identifying these threats by providing real-time telemetry on program execution, memory access, and control flow, enabling rapid detection of abnormal behaviors that could indicate the misuse of valid accounts for malicious purposes. Additionally, CAMS offloads the memory scanning workload from the CPU to the Intel Integrated GPU, allowing for faster, more efficient detection of malicious activity without impacting system performance. CAMS helps identify suspicious behaviors, such as the use of stolen credentials or the execution of unauthorized actions by a legitimate user account.

Windows Hello ESS authentication leverages virtual sandbox(Intel VT-X) to protect authentication data to significantly reduce the risk of brute force attacks on passwords, as biometrics typically require physical presence or biometric data that cannot be easily guessed or replicated. It uses the TPM (Intel PTT) to store authentication data including public/private key pairs. Windows Hello also includes Passkeys, a passwordless authentication option that generates public/private key pair with the public key shared with the service requiring authentication and the private key stored in the TPM, which is only released after authentication locally on the device using either a biometric factor such as fingerprint, facial recognition, or a PIN. Windows Hello helps protect against the risk of credentials being stored in files by eliminating the need for passwords in many authentication scenarios. Windows Hello utilizes passkeys which helps protect against the risk of credentials being stored in files by eliminating the need for passwords.

CVE-2019-11634 is a remote code execution vulnerability for Citrix Workspace Application and Receiver for Windows

CVE-2019-13608 is a an XML External Entity (XXE) processing vulnerability that may allow an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve potentially sensitive information.

This vulnerability is exploited when an adversary sends a specially-crafted email which can result in the disclosure of authentication information that an adversary can replay to gain access to systems.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has access to administrator credentials. The adversary leverages these credentials to execute arbitrary commands using root privileges.

This vulnerability is exploited by an authenticated, remote attacker who has administrative control of either a group member or a key server to execute arbitrary code on an affected device or cause the device to crash. This vulnerability has been identified as being exploited in the wild by Chinese adversary groups.

This vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote attacker by specifying a default connection profile/tunnel group, enabling a brute-force attack to identify valid credentials and establish a clienteles SSL VPN session using those valid credentials.

This vulnerability is exploited by an authenticated, local attacker in order to execute arbitrary code with root-level privileges by copying a crafted file to the disk0: file system. This is possible due to improper validation of a file when it is read from system flash memory. This vulnerability is associated with an attack campaign named ArcaneDoor in early 2024. This campaign targeted this vulnerability among others to implant malware, execute commands, and potentially exfiltrate data from compromised devices.

This insufficient authorization vulnerability is exploited by a local attacker who has access to low-privileged code where they then execute commands within confd_cli at a higher privilege levels. Performing these commands could grant the local attacker root privileges.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has gained access to a valid account on the vCenter Server. The adversary can gain access to unencrypted Postgres credentials on the server, which grants the adversary access to the vCenter's internal database where the vpxuser account passphrase is stored. Adversaries can leverage this information to decrypt the vpxuser password, which will grant them root privileges.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has already exploited an ESXi system and gained access to a valid account. Using this account, the adversary creates a new AD group named "ESXi Admins" that the ESXi Hypervisor grants full admin privileges. Adversary groups such as Storm-0506, Storm-1175, Octo Tempest, and Manatee Tempest have leveraged this vulnerability to deploy ransomware known as Akira and Black Basta onto compromised environments.

This vulnerability is exploited through a command injection weakness. Remote authenticated attackers leverage this vulnerability to perform arbitrary code execution on the target system via the Windows Resource Profiles Feature.

This vulnerability is exploited through a buffer overflow weakness. Remote authenticated attackers leverage this vulnerability to perform arbitrary code execution with root privileges on the Pulse Connect Secure gateway by manipulating input buffers.

This vulnerability is exploited through an authentication bypass weakness in the web component of Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure. Remote attackers leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access by bypassing control checks.

This vulnerability is exploited through a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) weakness in the SAML component of Ivanti Connect Secure, Ivanti Policy Secure, and Ivanti Neurons for ZTA. Attackers leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access by sending a crafted request to the /dana-ws/saml.ws endpoint, which can be accessed without authentication. This manipulation allows attackers to interact with internal services, potentially enabling further exploitation by chaining with other vulnerabilities.

This vulnerability is exploited through improper input validation in Atlassian Confluence, allowing remote attackers to translate arbitrary HTTP parameters into getter/setter sequences via the XWorks2 middleware. This vulnerability enables the creation of unauthorized Confluence administrator accounts and the upload of malicious plugins, granting attackers the ability to modify Java objects at runtime and execute arbitrary code. A nation-state actor known as Storm-0062 has been attributed to exploiting this vulnerability in the wild.

This vulnerability is exploited through improper privilege escalation in the Web User Interface feature of Cisco IOS XE software. Attackers first used this vulnerability to elevate privileges from a normal user to root by leveraging a newly created local user account. This allowed them to write an implant to the file system, further compromising the device. This CVE was exploited after the adversary exploited CVE-2023-20198.

This vulnerability is exploited by a remote attacker who forges a session cookie leveraging user_id or _user_id set to 1 in order to log in as an administrator. A successful exploitation could allow the adversary to gain authenticated access and gain access to unauthorized resources.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary that has gained local access to the victim system. If successfully exploited, the adversary would gain full SYSTEM level privileges. This CVE has been leveraged in the wild by Storm-0506 involved deploying Black Basta ransomware, initiated through a Qakbot infection and exploiting a Windows vulnerability (CVE-2023-28252) to gain elevated privileges. The attackers used tools like Cobalt Strike and Pypykatz for credential theft and lateral movement, eventually creating an "ESX Admins" group to encrypt the ESXi file system and disrupt hosted VMs.

This vulnerability is exploited by an authenticated adversary. It is identified as requiring local access via Microsoft; however, other reports have identified remote, authenticated adversaries can exploit this vulnerability. A successful exploitation would grant an attacker SYSTEM level privileges. This vulnerability has been exploited in the wild; however, technical details of how this was leveraged in an attack has not been publicly shared.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary that has gained local access to the victim system. If successfully exploited, the adversary would gain limited SYSTEM level privileges. This vulnerability has been exploited in the wild; however, no technical information has been published related to the exploitation. Microsoft has identified that successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to win a race condition.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has already gained local access to the victim system. To exploit this vulnerability, the adversary needs to already have access to the system and must also "win a race condition". If successfully exploited, the adversary would gain elevated privileges on the victim system. This vulnerability has been identified as exploited in the wild; however, technical exploitation details have not been publicly shared.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has already gained local access to the victim system. The adversary gains access to the vulnerability either by social engineering, a separate exploit, or malware. Exploiting this vulnerability grants the adversary elevated privileges on the victim system. This vulnerability has been identified as being exploited in the wild; however, technical details of how the vulnerability has been leveraged by a hacker or APT have not been publicly released.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who already has access to the victim system. This vulnerability, also known as SpoolFool, is a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler service, which manages print operations on Windows systems. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute code with SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting the `SpoolDirectory` configuration setting. The `SpoolDirectory` is writable by all users and can be manipulated using the `SetPrinterDataEx()` function, provided the attacker has `PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER` permissions. The exploit involves creating a directory junction and using a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path to write a malicious DLL to a privileged directory, such as `C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\x64\4`. This DLL is then loaded and executed by the Print Spooler service, granting the attacker elevated privileges. This method circumvents previous security checks designed to prevent privilege escalation through the Print Spooler. The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild, with attackers using tools like the SpoolFool proof of concept (PoC) published on GitHub. One observed attack involved creating a local administrator account with a default password, indicating the potential for significant system compromise. The Gelsemium APT group has been linked to activity exploiting this vulnerability, highlighting its use in advanced persistent threat campaigns.

This vulnerability is leveraged by an adversary who has already gained local access to the victim system. The adversary exploits this vulnerability to elevate their privileges on the system via the Print Spooler, which could give the adversary the ability to distribute and install malicious programs on victims’ computers that can steal stored data This vulnerability has been actively exploited by cybercriminals to gain unauthorized access to corporate networks and resources. Details about who is exploiting this vulnerability and their exact movements have not been publicly shared.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has obtained access to manipulate the Print Spooler service on the target system. The vulnerability lies in the Print Spooler, specifically involving XML manipulation and path traversal to a writable path containing a modified version of the `prntvpt.dll` file. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to load unauthorized code on Windows systems. Attackers leveraged this flaw to execute arbitrary code, allowing them to manipulate system processes and potentially deploy additional malware or perform further malicious activities. The exploit in question is actively being used in the wild. It involves exploiting the path traversal vulnerability to load a malicious DLL by manipulating the Print Spooler service. Once the vulnerability is exploited, attackers can bypass impersonation controls to load untrusted resources, thereby executing arbitrary code with elevated privileges.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has obtained access to the target system. The vulnerability lies in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver, specifically due to improper bounds checking on the `cbSymbolZone` field in the Base Record Header for the base log file (BLF). This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to gain elevated privileges on Windows systems. Attackers leveraged this flaw to execute arbitrary system commands, allowing them to manipulate system processes and potentially deploy additional malware or perform further malicious activities. The exploit in question is actively being used in the wild, primarily in targeted attacks. It involves setting the `cbSymbolZone` field to an invalid offset, triggering an out-of-bound write that corrupts a pointer to the CClfsContainer object. Once the vulnerability is exploited, attackers can manipulate memory to perform arbitrary actions with SYSTEM-level privileges. This allows them to achieve their objectives, such as disabling security applications and gaining full control over the compromised system.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has obtained local access with low privileges on the target system. The vulnerability lies in the Cryptography API: Next Generation (CNG) Key Isolation Service, specifically due to a memory overflow issue. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to gain elevated privileges on Windows systems. Attackers leveraged this flaw to execute arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privileges, allowing them to manipulate system processes and deploy additional malware to perform further malicious activities. The exploit in question is actively being used in the wild. It involves exploiting the memory overflow in the CNG Key Isolation Service to gain SYSTEM-level access. Once the vulnerability is exploited, attackers can manipulate system processes and access sensitive information stored in the service, such as cryptographic keys. This allows them to achieve their objectives, such as executing code with elevated privileges and compromising the security of the affected system.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has obtained local access tothe target system. The vulnerability lies in the Client Server Run-Time Subsystem (CSRSS) on Windows, specifically in the activation context caching mechanism, due to improper handling of crafted assembly manifests. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to gain elevated privileges on Windows systems. Attackers leveraged this flaw to execute arbitrary system-level commands, allowing them to manipulate system processes and deploy additional malware to perform further malicious activities. The exploit in question is actively being used in the wild, primarily in targeted attacks. It involves creating a malicious activation context by providing a crafted assembly manifest, which is cached and used the next time the process spawns. Once the vulnerability is exploited, attackers can load a malicious DLL to achieve system-level code execution. This allows them to achieve their objectives, such as executing arbitrary code with elevated privileges, with the same permissions as the compromised system's user.

This vulnerability is exploited by an attacker who has already obtained access to a target system to execute code. The vulnerability lies in the Common Log File System (CLFS) driver, specifically in the `CClfsBaseFilePersisted::LoadContainerQ()` function, due to a logic bug in handling container context objects. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to gain elevated privileges on Windows systems. Attackers leveraged this flaw to execute arbitrary code with system-level privileges, allowing them to manipulate system processes and deploy additional malware to perform further malicious activities. The exploit in question is actively being used in the wild, primarily in ransomware campaigns. It involves corrupting the `pContainer` field of a container context object with a user-mode address by using malformed BLF files. Once the vulnerability is exploited, attackers can manipulate memory to execute code with elevated privileges. This allows them to achieve their objectives, such as stealing the System token and gaining full control over the compromised system.

This vulnerability is exploited by a local or remote adversary who already has access to the system. The vulnerability enables the attacker to elevate their privileges due to over permissive ACLs on system file and elevate their privileges to SYSTEM level. By exploiting this vulnerability an attacker could gain the ability to run arbitrary code, install programs, view/modify/delete data, or create new user accounts with full rights.

The vulnerability in Microsoft Windows allows local attackers to escalate privileges by exploiting a flaw in the Windows Installer service. By creating a junction, attackers can delete targeted files or directories, potentially executing arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. However, attackers must already have access and the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system to exploit this vulnerability. This vulnerability has been identified as exploited in the wild; however, specific details on how the vulnerability was exploited have not been publicly released.

This vulnerability is exploited by a malicious actor via improper validation via SAML to modify session data and escalate privileges to gain admin access to the Zabbix Frontend. This allows attackers to control the saml_data[username_attribute] value. This flaw enables unauthenticated users to bypass authentication and access the Zabbix dashboard as a highly-privileged user, such as the default "Admin" user. Additionally, incorrect handling of Zabbix installer files permits unauthenticated users to access and reconfigure servers.

This authentication bypass vulnerability is exploited by remote attackers via the User Portal and Webadmin components. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim machine. It was actively exploited by Chinese state-sponsored APT groups, including "Drifting Cloud," to target organizations and governments across South Asia, particularly in Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The attackers leveraged this vulnerability to deploy webshells, conduct man-in-the-middle attacks by modifying DNS responses, and intercept user credentials and session cookies from content management systems. This vulnerability was exploited by Chinese state-sponsored threat actors as part of a broader campaign named "Pacific Rim." This campaign involved multiple Chinese APT groups, including APT31, APT41, and Volt Typhoon, targeting Sophos firewalls. The backdoor PygmyGoat, a novel rootkit that takes the form of a shared object ("libsophos.so"), has been found to be delivered following the exploitation of this vulnerability. The use of the rootkit was observed between March and April 2022 on a government device and a technology partner, and again in May 2022 on a machine in a military hospital based in Asia. This vulnerability was also exploited by at least two advanced persistent threat (APT) groups in a highly targeted attack campaign. The attackers used the vulnerability to place malicious files into a fixed filesystem location on affected devices, leveraging a combination of authentication bypass and command injection to execute arbitrary commands as root. The attack involved deploying various malware families, including GoMet and Gh0st RAT, to maintain persistent access and exfiltrate sensitive data. The attackers demonstrated significant knowledge of the device firmware, using custom ELF binaries and runtime packers like VMProtect to complicate analysis. They manipulated internal commands to move and manipulate files, execute processes, and exfiltrate data. The campaign targeted network security devices, employing a two-stage attack to drop remote access tools and execute commands remotely.

This vulnerability is exploited by a remote attacker who has obtained administrative console access on the target system. Successful exploitation of the flaw could allow an attacker to manipulate the component to execute arbitrary commands on an affected installation. This vulnerability has been exploited in the wild.

This Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated attacker via a crafted request can inject custom PHP code through the EmailTemplates because of missing input validation. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors to gain initial access to AWS accounts by injecting custom PHP code through the SugarCRM email templates module. Attackers leveraged misconfigurations to expand their access, obtaining long-term AWS access keys from compromised EC2 instances. They used tools like Pacu and Scout Suite to explore AWS services such as EC2, IAM, RDS, and S3, and gathered account information via AWS Organizations and Cost and Usage services. The attackers moved laterally by creating RDS snapshots and new EC2 instances, modifying security groups, and attempting to escalate privileges by logging in as the Root user. They also employed defense evasion techniques, including deploying resources in non-standard regions and intermittently stopping EC2 instances to avoid detection and minimize costs. The exploit in question is actively being used to compromise hosts by installing a PHP-based web shell. It involves an authentication bypass against the "/index.php" endpoint of the targeted service. Once bypassed, the attacker obtains a cookie and sends a secondary POST request to "/cache/images/sweet.phar" to upload a small PNG-encoded file containing PHP code. This file acts as a web shell, allowing the execution of commands specified in the base64-encoded query argument "c". For example, a request like 'POST /cache/images/sweet.phar?c="L2Jpbi9pZA=="' would execute the command "/bin/id" with the same permissions as the web service's user.

This vulnerability is exploited by a remote, authenticated users access to internal API functions that allows attackers to upload and execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability has been exploited by threat actors associated with AvosLocker ransomware, as identified by Kroll analysts. These actors have developed new tactics targeting backup systems, specifically leveraging vulnerabilities in Veeam Backup and Replication software (CVE-2022-26500 and CVE-2022-26501) to potentially exfiltrate data while evading detection.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has gained authentication to the Exchange Server and exploited validation issues in command-let arguments. This gives the adversary access to perform remote code execution on the server.

This vulnerability is exploited by a remote adversary who has either authenticated to a Microsoft Exchange Server or has gained access to PowerShell prior to leveraging this vulnerability. The adversary then performs remote code execution via PowerShell to install a Chopper web shell to perform Active Directory reconnaissance and data exfiltration.

This vulnerability is exploited by an adversary who has fully compromised ESXi host. The adversary can exploit the authentication bypass flaw, leading to a failure in authenticating host-to-guest operations. The threat group UNC3886 has exploited this vulnerability to deploy VirtualPita and VirtualPie backdoors on guest VMs by escalating privileges to root on compromised ESXi hosts. This allows for unauthenticated command execution and file transfer.