An adversary may obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd’s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user’s logon keychain. This provides the adversary with all the plaintext passwords for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)
In OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple’s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple’s securityd utility takes the user’s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user’s password, but once the master key is found, an adversary need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password.(Citation: OS X Keychain)
View in MITRE ATT&CK®| Capability ID | Capability Description | Mapping Type | ATT&CK ID | ATT&CK Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA-7 | Continuous Monitoring | Protects | T1555.002 | Securityd Memory |
| IA-5 | Authenticator Management | Protects | T1555.002 | Securityd Memory |
| SI-4 | System Monitoring | Protects | T1555.002 | Securityd Memory |
| action.malware.variety.Password dumper | Password dumper (extract credential hashes) | related-to | T1555.002 | Credentials from Password Stores: Securityd Memory |
| action.malware.variety.RAM scraper | RAM scraper or memory parser (capture data from volatile memory) | related-to | T1555.002 | Credentials from Password Stores: Securityd Memory |
| attribute.confidentiality.data_disclosure | related-to | T1555.002 | Credentials from Password Stores: Securityd Memory |